Based on two recent meta-analyses, this paper reviews the quantitative literature on climate migration from a methodological perspective. In total, information from 128 original macro- and micro-level studies is retrieved to analyze how different concepts and analytical methods shape our understanding of climate migration. After providing an overview of common methodological approaches used and presenting evidence on their potential implications, we identify six critical areas of challenges, which should be taken into account by researchers working on the topic. How to conceptualize and measure climate impacts on migration and how to effectively integrate and analyze inherently different types of data are some of the central questions addressed here. Our goal is to increase the awareness for pertinent challenges that might affect the analysis and interpretation of data and to provide guidance and best practice examples.