This paper examines the impacts of COVID-19 on the stress levels of women with different motherhood and employment statuses. Using data from the Assessing the Social Consequences of COVID-19 (ASCC) study, we explore how the stress levels of mothers living with and without non-adult children have changed before and during COVID-19. We pay special attention to if and how the association between motherhood status and change in stress levels varies by women’s employment conditions. Our analysis shows mothers living with non-adult children experience smaller increases in stress during COVID-19 than women without coresidential children, but the difference is not statistically significant. Regardless of their employment status during COVID-19, mothers who were employed full-time before the pandemic experienced smaller increases in stress than their peers without coresidential children. Whereas among women who were part-time or non-employed before the pandemic, it is mother who experienced greater increases in stress.